• FUNCTION OF PIPING
ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
• PLANT LAYOUT
Ø LAYOUT
Ø PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
Ø VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
Ø PIPE ROUTING
• STRESS ANALYSIS
Ø OBJECTIVE
Ø REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
Ø TYPE OF SUPPORTS
Ø FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
• MATERIAL ENGINEERING
Ø BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION
Ø MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM
Ø MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF
TEMPERATURE
FUNCTION OF PIPING
ENGINEERING
THE FUNCTION OF THE PIPING ENGINEERING IS TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE
OF FLUID FLOW, STRESS ANALYSIS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES, ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT AND
CONVERT THE PROCESS ENGINEER’S SPECIFICATION INTO DRAWINGS AND DATA FROM WHICH
MATERIALS CAN BE PURCHASED, FABRICATED AND ASSEMBLED INTO PIPING SYSTEMS WHICH
FULFIL THE REQUIREMENT OF THE PROCESS.
THIS MUST BE FULFILLED AT THE MINIMUM DESIGN COST WITHOUT
SACRIFICING THE QUALITY AND DESIRED FUNCTION, THE PIPING SYSTEM WILL OPERATE
WITHOUT PHYSICAL FAILURE OR EXCESSIVE PRESSURE LOSSES FOR THE ENTIRE SPAN OF
DESIGNED PLANT LIFE.
Plant Layout
Plant Layout A Process plant, which consist of the various
different sections such as raw material storage, intermediate and finished
product storage, process units, control rooms, Flare system, Raw material
loading and uploading facilities, utilities generation and distribution etc.
should be arranged so as to follow the general route of the raw material to
process, to Intermediate/Finished product storage, to dispatch. Generally block
concept is prevalent for the plant layout where in the entire plot area is
divided into blocks. The size of the blocks depends upon the facilities to be
accommodated. Following points are to be considered while locating the blocks .
o Process unit block shall be centrally located
with straight approach from the main gate.
o The blocks shall be so arranged considering
the prevalent wind direction that flammable gases should not be carried by the
wind on to source of ignition. • Utility blocks shall be located adjacent to
unit blocks.
o Flare shall be located upwind of process
units so that the inflammable gas from plant is not carried towards flare.
o Equipment requiring frequent maintenance shall
have easy accessibility.
Stress Analysis
Objective Pipe stress analysis provides the necessary
techniques for engineers to design piping systems without overstressing and
overloading the piping components & connected equipment. The objective of
stress analysis can be listed as follows: A) To limit the stresses in the
piping system to the limiting value. B) To limit the deflection in the piping
system to the limiting value. C) To limit the loads on nozzles of connected
equipment. D) To limit the loads on supports. E) To check for leakage at flange
joints. F) Unintentional disengagement of pipes from supports. G) Excessive
displacement .
Requirements of
supports in piping system are:
o To carry the weight of the pipe, fittings,
valves with / without insulation, with operating / test fluid.
o To provide adequate stiffness to the piping
against external loads such as wind load, ice, snow, seismic load etc.
o To avoid overstressing of the piping
material.
o To avoid of sagging of pipe which creates
draining problem.
o To control the thermal expansion /
contraction in desired manner
o To withstand and dampen vibration produced by
connected equipment such as pump, compressor etc.
MATERIAL GROUP
Basis For Materials
Selection
Materials of
construction are selected and corrosion allowances are determined on the basis of anticipated corrosion or material degradation under the most severe
combination of process variables (e.g., stream composition, velocity,
temperature and pressure) resulting in sustained maximum normal operating
conditions. Appropriate temperature and pressure margins should be added to the
sustained maximum normal operating conditions to determine the design
conditions upon which the high temperature mechanical design is based.
Typically, these margins are up to +50F (28C) above operating temperature and
up to +10% of the operating pressure (up to a maximum of 50 psi (0.35 MPa)).
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